Training / Schooling
Their undergraduate training typically includes significant coursework in physics, mathematics, chemistry and possibly biology, in addition to classes offered through the geology department; historical and physical geology, igneous and metamorphic petrology and petrography, hydrogeology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, mineralogy, palaeontology, physical geography and structural geology are among the many required areas of study. Most geologists also need skills in GIS and other mapping techniques. Geology students may spend portion of summers living and working under field conditions with faculty members (often referred to as "field camp"). Geology courses are also highly valuable to students of geography, engineering, chemistry, urban planning, environmental studies, and other fields.
Areas of specialization
Geologists may concentrate their studies or research in one or more of the following disciplines:
* Economic geology: the study of ore genesis, and the mechanisms of ore creation, geostatistics.
* Engineering geology: application of the geologic sciences to engineering practice for the purpose of assuring that the geologic factors affecting the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized and adequately provided for;
* Geophysics: the applied branch deals with the application of physical methods such as gravity, seismicity, electricity, magnetic properties to study the earth.
* Geochemistry: the applied branch deals with the study of the chemical makeup and behaviour of rocks, and the study of the behaviour of their minerals.
* Geochronology: the study of isotope geology specifically toward determining the date within the past of rock formation, metamorphism, mineralization and geological events (notably, meteorite impacts).
* Geomorphology: the study of landforms and the processes that create them
* Hydrogeology: the study of the origin, occurrence and movement of groundwater water in a subsurface geological system.
* Igneous petrology: the study of igneous processes such as igneous differentiation, fractional crystallization, intrusive and volcanological phenomena .
* Isotope geology: the study of the isotopic composition of rocks to determine the processes of rock and planetary formation.
* Metamorphic petrology: the study of the effects of metamorphism on minerals and rocks.
* Marine geology: the study of the seafloor; involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal margins. Marine geology has strong ties to physical oceanography and plate tectonics.
* Palaeoclimatology: the application of geological science to determine the climatic conditions present in the Earth's atmosphere within the Earth's history.
* Palaeontology: the classification and taxonomy of fossils within the geological record and the construction of a palaeontological history of the Earth.
* Pedology: the study of soil, soil formation, and regolith formation.
* Petroleum geology: the study of sedimentary basins applied to the search for hydrocarbons (oil exploration).
* Sedimentology: the study of sedimentary rocks, strata, formations, eustasy and the processes of modern day sedimentary and erosive systems.
* Structural geology: the study of folds, faults, foliation and rock microstructure to determine the deformational history of rocks and regions.
* Volcanology: the study of volcanoes, their eruptions, lavas, magma processes and hazards.
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and what better way to start than with an animation of plate tectonics
From Pangaea to present day
"Exclusion is the greatest inclusion."-~*A.Z.*~
thanks
Originally Posted by winny puspoyudo
I am a bit darker though
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